How to Produce High-Quality Clad Dished Heads

Why Choose Clad Dished Heads?

Using Clad Plate for the fabrication of Dished Head offers significant advantages over using solid (monolithic) materials. Clad Head made by Clad Plate combines a corrosion-resistant alloy layer, such as stainless steel, titanium, or nickel alloy, with a carbon steel or low-alloy steel backing, delivering both excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength. This design reduces material costs compared to solid alloy construction, while maintaining equivalent service performance in harsh environments. Additionally, clad plate provides weight optimization, easier forming, and improved weldability on the carbon steel side, making it a cost-effective and reliable solution for pressure vessels and heat exchangers operating in corrosive or high-pressure applications.

Key Points in Process Selection

The forming processes for metal clad heads mainly include cold spinning, hot spinning, cold stamping, and hot stamping. Since clad materials consist of multiple metal layers, the characteristics of both the base material and the cladding must be comprehensively considered during forming to select the appropriate process method, ensuring the structural integrity and corrosion resistance of the head.

Cold Forming (Cold Spinning, Cold Stamping)

Suitable for composite materials with good plasticity, such as austenitic stainless steel cladding.

Cold deformation must be controlled to prevent cracking or performance degradation of the cladding due to excessive strain.

Stress-relief heat treatment may be required after forming.

Hot Forming (Hot Spinning, Hot Stamping)

Suitable for high-strength steels or difficult-to-form clad materials.

Heating temperature must be carefully controlled to avoid adverse diffusion between the base material and cladding, which could affect performance.

Appropriate post-forming heat treatment is required to restore material properties.

Heat Treatment Control Requirements

The heat treatment process must balance the mechanical properties of the base material and the corrosion resistance of the cladding.

Excessive temperatures or prolonged holding times should be avoided to prevent grain coarsening of the cladding or detrimental interfacial reactions with the base material.

Protective atmosphere heat treatment may be employed when necessary to minimize cladding oxidation.

Typical Manufacturing Process

1. Blank Preparation

Use clad plates that meet standard requirements to ensure bonding interface quality.

Grind edges after cutting to prevent defects during pressing.

2. Molding and Forming

Mold surfaces must be clean and smooth to avoid scratching the cladding.

Apply appropriate lubrication to reduce forming friction.

Control forming speed to prevent localized over-deformation.

3. Post-Forming Inspection

Check dimensional and shape deviations of the head against standards.

Conduct non-destructive testing (e.g., UT, PT) to ensure absence of delamination, cracks, or other defects.

Common Head Standards

ASME UG-81 (Requirements for Pressure Vessel Heads)

GB/T 25198 (General Technical Conditions for Pressure Vessel Heads)

Choose Your Fugo Head Type：

Our expertise extends to cutting-edge ‌clad plate supplier‌ capabilities, where we utilize controlled detonation techniques to create seamless molecular bonds between dissimilar metals, ensuring unmatched durability and thermal performance. Beyond plate manufacturing, we offer integrated ‌head forming‌ services, shaping clad materials into precision hemispherical or elliptical heads for pressure vessels and reactors. Pioneering unique material combinations, we also produce ‌titanium clad copper‌ composites that merge titanium's corrosion resistance with copper's superior conductivity, ideal for specialized electrical and marine applications.

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